Section 1
Introduction to Manual
Transmissions & Transaxles
Learning Objectives:
1. Identify the purpose and operation of transmissions.
2. Describe torque and torque multiplication.
3. Determine gear ratios.
4. Identify spur and helical gears, and describe the difference between
the two.
Manual Transmissions & Transaxles - Course 302 1-1
Section 1
Drivetrain
Introduction to Manual
Transmissions & Transaxles
Energy produced in the engine is transmitted to the drive wheels
through the drivetrain. The components that make up the drivetrain
include: a clutch mechanism, transmission, propeller shaft, differential
and axles. The drivetrain allows the driver to control power flow using
engine torque and allows the vehicle to move from a stop to cruising
speed while maintaining engine speed within it's most efficient power
band.
A drivetrain can transmit engine power to the rear wheels, front
wheels or all four wheels. When the drivetrain delivers power to the
rear wheels, it is referred to as front engine rear drive (FR); when it
delivers power to the front wheels, front engine front drive (FF);
and when it delivers power to all wheels, four wheel drive (4WD).
Front
Engine Rear Drive
(FR) Drivetrain
A front engine rear drive
(FR) drivetrain delivers
power from a front
mounted engine through
the transmission and rear
differential to the rear
wheels.
Front Engine
Front Drive (FF) Drivetrain
A front engine front drive (FR) drivetrain
delivers power from a front engine through
the transaxle and differential to the front
wheels. (This configuration is essentially the
same for a rear mounted engine with rear
wheel driver)
The transmission converts engine speed into the needed torque output
required for different driving conditions.
High torque is needed to start off from a stop and engine torque must
be greatly multiplied at low engine RPM. High torque for climbing hills
is provided by increased engine RPM and torque multiplication. Less
torque is required to keep the vehicle moving at intermediate or high
speeds, allowing engine speed to be reduced.
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